dhåtaräñöra uväca, dharma-kñetre kuru-kñetre, samavetä yuyutsavaù,
mämakäù päëòaväç caiva, kim akurvata saïjaya

Bg. 1.1 - Dhåtaräñöra said: O Saïjaya, after my sons and the sons of Päëòu assembled in the place of pilgrimage at Kurukñetra, desiring to fight, what did they do?

saïjaya uväca, dåñövä tu päëòavänékaà, vyüòhaà duryodhanas tadä,
äcäryam upasaìgamya, räjä vacanam abravét

Bg. 1.2 - Saïjaya said: O King, after looking over the army arranged in military formation by the sons of Päëòu, King Duryodhana went to his teacher and spoke the following words.

paçyaitäà päëòu-puträëäm, äcärya mahatéà camüm,
yüòhäà drupada-putreëa, tava çiñyeëa dhématä

Bg. 1.3 - O my teacher, behold the great army of the sons of Päëòu, so expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple the son of Drupada.

atra çürä maheñv-äsä, bhémärjuna-samä yudhi,
yuyudhäno viräöaç ca, drupadaç ca mahä-rathaù

Bg. 1.4 - Here in this army are many heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhéma and Arjuna: great fighters like Yuyudhäna, Viräöa and Drupada.

dhåñöaketuç cekitänaù, käçiräjaç ca véryavän,
purujit kuntibhojaç ca, çaibyaç ca nara-puìgavaù

Bg. 1.5 - There are also great, heroic, powerful fighters like Dhåñöaketu, Cekitäna, Käçiräja, Purujit, Kuntibhoja and Çaibya.

yudhämanyuç ca vikränta, uttamaujäç ca véryavän,
saubhadro draupadeyäç ca, sarva eva mahä-rathäù

Bg. 1.6 - There are the mighty Yudhämanyu, the very powerful Uttamaujä, the son of Subhadrä and the sons of Draupadé. All these warriors are great chariot fighters.

asmäkaà tu viçiñöä ye, tän nibodha dvijottama
näyakä mama sainyasya, saàjïärthaà tän bravémi te

Bg. 1.7 - But for your information, O best of the brähmaëas, let me tell you about the captains who are especially qualified to lead my military force.

bhavän bhéñmaç ca karëaç ca, kåpaç ca samitià-jayaù
açvatthämä vikarëaç ca, saumadattis tathaiva ca

Bg. 1.8 - There are personalities like you, Bhéñma, Karëa, Kåpa, Açvatthämä, Vikarëa and the son of Somadatta called Bhüriçravä, who are always victorious in battle.

anye ca bahavaù çürä, mad-arthe tyakta-jévitäù
nänä-çastra-praharaëäù, sarve yuddha-viçäradäù

Bg. 1.9 - There are many other heroes who are prepared to lay down their lives for my sake. All of them are well equipped with different kinds of weapons, and all are experienced in military science.

aparyäptaà tad asmäkaà, balaà bhéñmäbhirakñitam
paryäptaà tv idam eteñäà, balaà bhémäbhirakñitam

Bg. 1.10 - Our strength is immeasurable, and we are perfectly protected by Grandfather Bhéñma, whereas the strength of the Päëòavas, carefully protected by Bhéma, is limited.

ayaneñu ca sarveñu, yathä-bhägam avasthitäù
bhéñmam eväbhirakñantu, bhavantaù sarva eva hi

Bg. 1.11 - All of you must now give full support to Grandfather Bhéñma, as you stand at your respective strategic points of entrance into the phalanx of the army.

tasya saïjanayan harñaà, kuru-våddhaù pitämahaù
siàha-nädaà vinadyoccaiù, çaìkhaà dadhmau pratäpavän

Bg. 1.12 - Then Bhéñma, the great valiant grandsire of the Kuru dynasty, the grandfather of the fighters, blew his conchshell very loudly, making a sound like the roar of a lion, giving Duryodhana joy.

tataù çaìkhäç ca bheryaç ca, paëavänaka-gomukhäù
sahasaiväbhyahanyanta, sa çabdas tumulo 'bhavat

Bg. 1.13 - After that, the conchshells, drums, bugles, trumpets and horns were all suddenly sounded, and the combined sound was tumultuous.

tataù çvetair hayair yukte, mahati syandane sthitau
mädhavaù päëòavaç caiva, divyau çaìkhau pradadhmatuù

Bg. 1.14 - On the other side, both Lord Kåñëa and Arjuna, stationed on a great chariot drawn by white horses, sounded their transcendental conchshells.

päïcajanyaà håñékeço, devadattaà dhanaïjayaù
pauëòraà dadhmau mahä-çaì, haàbhéma-karmä våkodaraù

Bg. 1.15 - Lord Kåñëa blew His conchshell, called Päïcajanya; Arjuna blew his, the Devadatta; and Bhéma, the voracious eater and performer of herculean tasks, blew his terrific conchshell, called Pauëòra.

anantavijayaà räjä, kunté-putro yudhiñöhiraù,
nakulaù sahadevaç ca, sughoña-maëipuñpakau,
käçyaç ca parameñv-äsaù, çikhaëòé ca mahä-rathaù,
dhåñöadyumno viräöaç ca, sätyakiç cäparäjitaù,
drupado draupadeyäç ca, sarvaçaù påthivé-pate,
saubhadraç ca mahä-bähuù, çaìkhän dadhmuù påthak påthak

Bg. 1.16-18 - King Yudhiñöhira, the son of Kunté, blew his conchshell, the Ananta-vijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughoña and Maëipuñpaka. That great archer the King of Käçé, the great fighter Çikhaëòé, Dhåñöadyumna, Viräöa, the unconquerable Sätyaki, Drupada, the sons of Draupadé, and the others, O King, such as the mighty-armed son of Subhadrä, all blew their respective conchshells.

sa ghoño dhärtaräñöräëäà, hådayäni vyadärayat
nabhaç ca påthivéà caiva, tumulo 'bhyanunädayan

Bg. 1.19 - The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious. Vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhåtaräñöra.

atha vyavasthitän dåñövä, dhärtaräñörän kapi-dhvajaù
pravåtte çastra-sampäte, dhanur udyamya päëòavaù
håñékeçaà tadä väkyam, idam äha mahé-pate

Bg. 1.20 - At that time Arjuna, the son of Päëòu, seated in the chariot bearing the flag marked with Hanumän, took up his bow and prepared to shoot his arrows. O King, after looking at the sons of Dhåtaräñöra drawn in military array, Arjuna then spoke to Lord Kåñëa these words.

arjuna uväca, senayor ubhayor madhye, rathaà sthäpaya me 'cyuta, yävad etän, nirékñe 'haà, yoddhu-kämän avasthitän, kair mayä saha yoddhavyam, asmin raëa-samudyame

Bg. 1.21-22 - Arjuna said: O infallible one, please draw my chariot between the two armies so that I may see those present here, who desire to fight, and with whom I must contend in this great trial of arms.

yotsyamänän avekñe 'haà, ya ete 'tra samägatäù,
dhärtaräñörasya durbuddher, yuddhe priya-cikérñavaù

Bg. 1.23 - Let me see those who have come here to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhåtaräñöra.

saïjaya uväca, evam ukto håñékeço, guòäkeçena bhärata,
senayor ubhayor madhye, sthäpayitvä rathottamam

Bg. 1.24 - Saïjaya said: O descendant of Bharata, having thus been addressed by Arjuna, Lord Kåñëa drew up the fine chariot in the midst of the armies of both parties.

bhéñma-droëa-pramukhataù, sarveñäà ca mahé-kñitäm,
uväca pärtha paçyaitän, samavetän kurün iti

Bg. 1.25 - In the presence of Bhéñma, Droëa and all the other chieftains of the world, the Lord said, Just behold, Pärtha, all the Kurus assembled here.

taträpaçyat sthitän pärthaù, pitèn atha pitämahän, äcäryän mätulän bhrätèn, puträn pauträn sakhéàs tathä, çvaçurän suhådaç caiva, senayor ubhayor api

Bg. 1.26 - There Arjuna could see, within the midst of the armies of both parties, his fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends, and also his fathers-in-law and well-wishers.

tän samékñya sa kaunteyaù, sarvän bandhün avasthitän kåpayä parayäviñöo, viñédann idam abravét

Bg. 1.27 - When the son of Kunté, Arjuna, saw all these different grades of friends and relatives, he became overwhelmed with compassion and spoke thus.

arjuna uväca, dåñövemaà sva-janaà kåñëa, yuyutsuà samupasthitam
sédanti mama gäträëi, mukhaà ca pariçuñyati

Bg. 1.28 - Arjuna said: My dear Kåñëa, seeing my friends and relatives present before me in such a fighting spirit, I feel the limbs of my body quivering and my mouth drying up.

vepathuç ca çarére me, roma-harñaç ca jäyate
gäëòévaà sraàsate hastät, tvak caiva paridahyate

Bg. 1.29 - My whole body is trembling, my hair is standing on end, my bow Gäëòéva is slipping from my hand, and my skin is burning.

na ca çaknomy avasthätuà, bhramatéva ca me manaù
nimittäni ca paçyämi, viparétäni keçava

Bg. 1.30 - I am now unable to stand here any longer. I am forgetting myself, and my mind is reeling. I see only causes of misfortune, O Kåñëa, killer of the Keçé demon.

na ca çreyo 'nupaçyämi, hatvä sva-janam ähave
na käìkñe vijayaà kåñëa, na ca räjyaà sukhäni ca

Bg. 1.31 - I do not see how any good can come from killing my own kinsmen in this battle, nor can I, my dear Kåñëa, desire any subsequent victory, kingdom, or happiness.

kià no räjyena govinda, kià bhogair jévitena vä, yeñäm arthe käìkñitaà no, räjyaà bhogäù sukhäni ca, ta ime 'vasthitä yuddhe, präëäàs tyaktvä dhanäni ca, äcäryäù pitaraù puträs, tathaiva ca pitämahäù, mätuläù çvaçuräù pauträù, çyäläù sambandhinas tathä, etän na hantum icchämi, ghnato 'pi madhusüdana, api trailokya-räjyasya, hetoù kià nu mahé-kåte, nihatya dhärtaräñörän naù, kä prétiù syäj janärdana

Bg. 1.32-35 - O Govinda, of what avail to us are a kingdom, happiness or even life itself when all those for whom we may desire them are now arrayed on this battlefield? O Madhusüdana, when teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives are ready to give up their lives and properties and are standing before me, why should I wish to kill them, even though they might otherwise kill me? O maintainer of all living entities, I am not prepared to fight with them even in exchange for the three worlds, let alone this earth. What pleasure will we derive from killing the sons of Dhåtaräñöra?

päpam eväçrayed asmän, hatvaitän ätatäyinaù, tasmän närhä vayaà hantuà, dhärtaräñörän sa-bändhavän, sva-janaà hi kathaà hatvä, sukhinaù syäma mädhava

Bg. 1.36 - Sin will overcome us if we slay such aggressors. Therefore it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhåtaräñöra and our friends. What should we gain, O Kåñëa, husband of the goddess of fortune, and how could we be happy by killing our own kinsmen?

yady apy ete na paçyanti, lobhopahata-cetasaù, kula-kñaya-kåtaà doñaà, mitra-drohe ca pätakam, kathaà na jïeyam asmäbhiù, päpäd asmän nivartitum, kula-kñaya-kåtaà doñaà, prapaçyadbhir janärdana

Bg. 1.37-38 - O Janärdana, although these men, their hearts overtaken by greed, see no fault in killing one's family or quarreling with friends, why should we, who can see the crime in destroying a family, engage in these acts of sin?

kula-kñaye praëaçyanti, kula-dharmäù sanätanäù
dharme nañöe kulaà kåtsnam, adharmo 'bhibhavaty uta

Bg. 1.39 - With the destruction of dynasty, the eternal family tradition is vanquished, and thus the rest of the family becomes involved in irreligion.

adharmäbhibhavät kåñëa, praduñyanti kula-striyaù
stréñu duñöäsu värñëeya, jäyate varëa-saìkaraù

Bg. 1.40 - When irreligion is prominent in the family, O Kåñëa, the women of the family become polluted, and from the degradation of womanhood, O descendant of Våñëi, comes unwanted progeny.

saìkaro narakäyaiva, kula-ghnänäà kulasya ca
patanti pitaro hy eñäà, lupta-piëòodaka-kriyäù

Bg. 1.41 - An increase of unwanted population certainly causes hellish life both for the family and for those who destroy the family tradition. The ancestors of such corrupt families fall down, because the performances for offering them food and water are entirely stopped.

doñair etaiù kula-ghnänäà, varëa-saìkara-kärakaiù
utsädyante jäti-dharmäù, kula-dharmäç ca çäçvatäù

Bg. 1.42 - By the evil deeds of those who destroy the family tradition and thus give rise to unwanted children, all kinds of community projects and family welfare activities are devastated.

utsanna-kula-dharmäëäà, manuñyäëäà janärdana
narake niyataà väso, bhavatéty anuçuçruma

Bg. 1.43 - O Kåñëa, maintainer of the people, I have heard by disciplic succession that those who destroy family traditions dwell always in hell.

aho bata mahat päpaà, kartuà vyavasitä vayam
yad räjya-sukha-lobhena, hantuà sva-janam udyatäù

Bg. 1.44 - Alas, how strange it is that we are preparing to commit greatly sinful acts. Driven by the desire to enjoy royal happiness, we are intent on killing our own kinsmen.

yadi mäm apratékäram, açastraà çastra-päëayaù
dhärtaräñörä raëe hanyus, tan me kñemataraà bhavet

Bg. 1.45 - Better for me if the sons of Dhåtaräñöra, weapons in hand, were to kill me unarmed and unresisting on the battlefield.

saïjaya uväca, evam uktvärjunaù saìkhye, rathopastha upäviçat
visåjya sa-çaraà cäpaà, çoka-saàvigna-mänasaù

Bg. 1.46 - Saïjaya said: Arjuna, having thus spoken on the battlefield, cast aside his bow and arrows and sat down on the chariot, his mind overwhelmed with grief.